1856, exact stroke of midnight between July 9th and
10th, Nikola Tesla was born to Serbian parents as a subject
of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in Lika, in what is now known
as Croatia. His father, named Milutin, an orthodox priest
and his mother, Djourka, was a homemaker who invented many
household items. He had two older sisters, Milka and
Angelina, an older brother, Danilo (Dane), and one younger
sister, Marica.
1861, Tesla is five years old, playing outside
watching his older brother Dane, twelve years old, riding
his horse, an excellent horseman. Djourka is inside
preparing the family meal, when Dane’s horse rears and
throws him to the ground, hitting his head. Nikola yells as
everyone comes running, but Dane is killed. Djourka screams!
Nikola has nightmares over the incident.
1862, Tesla at 6 years old; his family moved to
Gospic. During his schooling at the Real Gymnasium
(equivalent to junior high school) Tesla did well at
linguistics but truly shined in mathematics. He calculated
the answers to problems so quickly that at first, his
instructors thought the lad was cheating. Both his father
and his uncle taught at the school.
1862, Nikola is six years old, playing outside,
when he comes across a running stream. It occurs to him to
put his hand in the water and stroke it in a downward
motion. He finds some wood and a rough cut wooden disk left
behind from a lumbering operation. He cuts a h*** through
its center to force a somewhat straight branch, which he
rests in two sticks after forcing it into rocks at either
side of the brook. The lower part of the disk rests in the
water and the currents force it to turn. He finds endless
curiosity in watching his crude device obtain power from the
brook. Niagara Falls. He begins using the sticks in three’s
and from here on he looks at all objects divisible by three.
1863, Tesla’s family moves to Gospic’; a nearby
town, where Tesla’s father was offed a post in the Serbian
church. His father wanted to get away from the memories of
Dane’s passing.
1866, Tesla is ten years old attending the “Normal
School”. One day while walking on the grassy knoll
surrounding the little white house where the Tesla family
resided, and a small white church where his father preaches,
sits along the edge of the property. Tesla is pacing,
holding his head with both hands in pain as he is getting a
powerful episode of flashes of visions and strong bolts of
light three times. The family is invited to a town picnic,
where the new firefighting equipment, operated by a nearby
river, will be demonstrated. When the apparatus is in place,
no water comes out of the hose. Tesla immediately jumps into
the river, releasing a kink in the hose .The town cheers for
the brilliant young boy. When looking at a book, he sees a
picture of Niagara Falls. He feels it is a waste of water
and knows someday he will go there and capture energy. Still
struggling with his flashes he said “These were at first
blurred and indistinct and would flit away when I tried to
concentrate my attention upon them, but by and by I
succeeded in fixing them. I soon discovered that my best
comfort was attained if I simply went on in my vision
farther and farther getting new impressions all of the time
and so I began to travel in my mind. Every night, sometimes
during the day; always when alone. I would start on my
journeys; see new places, cities and countries.
1867, Tesla is eleven years old. While visiting his
Aunt Stanka, she noticed Nikola is running a fever. There
was an epidemic of Cholera in the area. Concerned for his
well-being, she insisted he stay a while before going home.
He was promised a good book by Mark Twain would be waiting
for him on his bedside, which always made him feel better.
He became seriously ill and almost to an unconscious state.
Concerned, his father told him “the cholera is consuming
you. I’ve lost one son, I do not want to lose another.
Nikola, you must will yourself back to health and follow my
footsteps in the Ministry.” The family all gathers around in
prayer. A few days later, the doctor made a house visit and
examines Nikola with his family by his bedside. The doctor
said “medically, I’ve done all I can for him”. His father
replies, “he has so much to live for, this boy has a
brilliant mind, and will do great things”. Nikola, in a weak
voice, asks his father, “if I get better, may I please go to
the Reel Gymnasium to study engineering?” His father replies
“yes, if you get better I will send you to the best
technical institute, but you must get better, do you hear
me, you must get better!” Nikola gives a faint smile.
1868, Nikola is twelve years old in the kitchen
sitting at the table next to his mother, who is using a hand
beater she made herself with wood and metal to stir eggs.
She invented many useful items that made life around the
Tesla home easier. Nikola was influenced by her inventions
and her ability to visualize them in her head before
executing them. She was known to tie three knots with one
single eyelash. Nikola began displaying his obsessions with
washing his hands, repeating his actions three times and
inability to touch anyone, called Obsession Compulsive
Disorder. His mother found a way to show affection to him by
putting her hand on the table next to his, feeling the
energy between the two human sources. She explains to him
his special gift and that his daily practice of discipline
will aid him to meet the many accomplishments he will
contribute to mankind. She believed he would change the
world and taught him to utilize his ability to mentally
visualize his inventions in a 3-D image. Nikola gave away
the sweet-cakes his mother made for him in his school lunch
to challenge his discipline on an every- day basis.
Tesla’s father caught him reading his favorite book, “The
son of Aba” after bedtime. He took all of the candles away
so Tesla couldn’t read, Tesla out smarted his father by
saving the shavings from the candles and mold them to make a
new candle. Then he put cloth under the doorway so his
father could not see any light coming from his room.
1870, Nikola is fourteen years and the family moves
to Karlovac, where attends the Reel Gymnasium in Karlovac,
an advanced school and discovered his aptitude for physics;
a four-year course that only took Nikola three years to
finish with honors at the age of seventeen, even-though he
was stricken with Malaria shortly after his arrival in the
mosquito-infested swampy lowlands of Karlovac. Nikola was
bedridden at times, which he almost died and often took his
school books home to read and memorize them when he was
unable to attend classes. One professor of physics had a
profound impression on Nikola who was a “clever and original
experimenter” and amazed Tesla with feats he performed with
laboratory apparatus” and it was because of him that Tesla
made up his mind to become an engineer and inventor. By
seventeen, Tesla fluently spoke Serbo-Croatian, Latin,
Italian, French, German, English, and converse in three more
languages. Tesla, ready to graduate, received a failing
grade in mathematics. He was shocked! Tesla immediately made
an appointment with the director of the school, telling him
that the teacher must have gotten his paper confused with
another student. The Director sided with the teacher, so
Tesla asked to take the final exam over. To the amazement of
the director, Tesla got a perfect score.
1875, Tesla now nineteen years old, six foot six
inches tall, piercing blue eyes, his hair combed back and
meticulous in a fine tailored suit and hat with white gloves
(to avoid hand contact), attends the Austrian Polytechnic
School in Graz on a Military Border scholarship. In the
first year, Tesla never missed a lecture and made the
highest grades possible and started a Serbian culture club.
One day while attending a class taught by the highly
respected Professor Poeschl who was demonstrating the Gramme
dynamo prototype direct current system, Tesla raised his
hand to suggest to the class that the commutator was not
necessary. Professor Poeschl ridiculed Tesla in front of the
class, causing him great distress, knowing he was right in
his assessment, Tesla reverted to his OCD, running to the
bathroom and washing his hands three times. Affected by the
incident over his three years there he developed an
obsession with study, gambling and alternating current. In
1878, failing exams, because of unpreparedness (he would
often play billiards for 24-hour stretches). Tesla lost his
scholarship at the end of his second year and took up
gambling. Near the end of the third year, Tesla stopped
attending lectures and dropped out the following year.
1879, Tesla’s father died.
1880, Tesla is admitted to the mental hospital in
Budapest, Hungry with severe OCD, and flashes of light and
mental images that he was having difficulty controlling. His
sensitivity was so strong that he could hear a clock ticking
three rooms away. He steps over cracks and every action,
such as opening a door is done three times. He begins to
feel much better focusing his ability to invent in his mind.
He receives a visit from a school friend and they take a
walk through the gardens surrounding the grounds. Tesla asks
if his friend could leave his pocket watch with the nurse,
as not to disturb the intensity of the ticking in his mind.
They turn a corner as Tesla recites a poem, when suddenly he
gets his Awe- awe moment, drawing the demonstration in the
dirt pathway, he realizes that there is no need for the
commutator and the excitation can be provided by a rotating
magnetic field that will provide the need result creating a
true square wave frequency to deliver energy. His friend is
confused, having trouble visualizing the concept, but Tesla
is so confident that he has concluded a break-through that
will forever change the delivery of light on the planet. The
missing puzzle that humiliated him in front of all his
classmates by Professor Poeschl, Tesla so overwhelmed he
must sit down on the bench next to them and tries to hide
the tear rolling down his face. This break-through has been
haunting him for years, confirming he was right all along
from Professor Poeschl’s dismissal of his concept.
1881, Tesla begins working for the American
Telephone Company in Budapest. He became the chief
electrician to the company and quickly advanced as the
engineer to the Yugosav government and the country’s first
telephone system. He developed a telephone repeater
(sometimes called an amplifier) this was one of the first
wireless telephones, which could act as an audio speaker.
1882, Tesla moved to Paris to work as an assistant
engineer for the Continental Edison Company. His position
was designing improvements to electric equipment, resolving
many problems with their Direct Current dynamos. That same
year, Tesla conceived the induction motor and began
developing various devices that use rotating magnetic fields
(he received patents in 1888). Tesla visualized the rotating
fields, which translated his design of the induction motor.
1884 May, Tesla is 28 years old
walking in Paris with his luggage in hand, meticulously
dressed with his white gloves. In his luggage is a ticket to
board the ship Saturnia to America, with two additional
tailored suits, gloves and money. He carries in his coat
pocket “Right of Passage” papers, a letter from Professor
Batchlor saying “Dear Mr. Edison, I know of two great men,
one is you and the other is the young man standing before
you, Sincerely Charles Batchlor”. In his pant pocket is four
cents. Tesla is so happy, ready for his journey to America
to work for Mr. Thomas Edison all paid for by his two uncles
on his mother’s side, Peter and Pajo Mandic. Suddenly, he is
grabbed by three robbers who hurl him to the ground and take
his suitcase. A small crowd gathers around him, assisting
the tall 6’6” Tesla back to his feet. Shaken, he asks for
the nearest café to clean himself up. After washing up three
times, he makes his way to the ship and finds the Ship Deck
Officer. He explains the situation and lets him know that he
has a photographic memory and knows the long ticket number.
The Deck Officer can’t believe it and agrees to take the
number and check with his superior to let Tesla on the ship,
providing no one else claims the ticket. As Tesla waits he
visualizes mathematical graphics divisible by three using
the port holes (Insert Graphic). The Deck Officer returns
amazed that the number matches, allowing Tesla to board the
ship.
Tesla is sitting at the small desk in his ship room. Laid
out in front of him is his schematic of his three-phase
alternating current, the letter from Professor Batchlor, his
“rite of passage” paper, and four cents. He rearranges the
items three times before he is satisfied. He stops and picks
up the schematic drawing of his A.C invention and proudly
smiles. Suddenly, he hears voices screaming, “mutiny,
mutiny”, as the rumble of people running by his room. He
runs out of his room, through the hall-way and out along the
deck. A burst of people come from behind him, knocking him
off of his balance. The tall lanky torso that frames Tesla’s
body catches him against the rail and almost flips him over
the side of the ship. He holds on tight and pulls himself
back up on the deck.
At this point, Tesla, taller than everyone else, walks with
a self-confident, poised, meticulously groomed arrogance.
His all-knowing intelligence permeates the room that grants
him numerous dining invitations to some of the wealthiest
high-class socialites of the world. His intellect to
articulate visionary ideas for the future of mankind, and
his ability to speak many languages adds to the intrigue of
everyone around him.
1884 June 6, Tesla arrives in
America excited to work for the famous Thomas Edison and
show him his design of Alternating Current, confident it
will be well received, as well as his vast ability of
understanding the existing Direct Current system. As he
walks through the streets of New York, he is noticed by
passer byers for his demeanor and height, as he notices the
crooked hanging wires above him that sporadically shoots out
sparks and as a horse and buggy ride by, a wire from the
ground sparks, scaring the horse and startling Tesla as he
looks up to see a sign that reads “Edison Electric Company”.
1884,Tesla enters the Gerlach Hotel and checks in
by signing in the “guest book”. Tesla request room 333 from
Mr. Edward Earl, the hotel manager. Rent is due at the end
of the week, so Tesla is confident he will be employed by
the Edison Electric Company and well-received with his plans
for Alternating Current, especially since he has just
witnessed the faulty Direct Current system installed
throughout the city. Much worse than he anticipated with his
experience and knowledge working with Direct Current in
Paris and Belgrade. He request three sets of towels to be
delivered daily and nine clothes hangers. He anticipates
great financial gain with the many inventions he envisions
in his head, since money has always come easy for him. He
request and is given the name of the best restaurant in
town, Delmonico’s. Again, Tesla at the hotel room desk,
takes out all of his belongings and arranges them three
times. The schematic of Alternating Current, the letter from
Professor Batchlor, his rite of passage paper and four
cents. He washes out his gloves in the sink and whips down
his suit and hat.
1884, next morning, Tesla, confident, poised,
meticulous, walks the streets of New York as people take a
second look at the tall well-dressed young man. He turns the
corner to Pearl Street careful not to step on any cracks,
and enters the very busy office of the Edison Electric
Company. Employees are running all around, as the
receptionist is on the telephone speaking to Mrs.
Vanderbilt, who is very upset and screaming on the telephone
that her curtains have caught fire from the generator
installed on the property. Direct current has become very
costly, requiring a generator to be placed every mile for
mass lighting and for home installation a generator is
needed for each house, only allowing the wealthy to afford
the luxury of electricity. Additionally, heavy copper wire
must be used on each generator. Edison, with a wrinkled
suit, scruffily hair and unshaven, frantically comes into
the front office just as the receptionist puts down the
telephone to explain to him the situation and that Mrs.
Vanderbilt will only speak with him. His aggressive manor
quickly changes to a softer demeanor. After he assures her
that everything will be taken care of, and hangs up. He
demands his two top engineers, Glitson and Smith go over to
the Vanderbilt house and repair the generator and tells the
receptionist to find the best interior decorator to order
new curtains. The hectic office has everyone scrambling
around to get street generators that have broken out in
fires, under control. Edison storms back to his office. The
receptionist, who has noticed the good-looking Tesla, asks
how she can help him. Tesla tells her he is from Serbia and
has worked at the Edison subsidiary company in Paris and
Belgrade and has a letter to Mr. Edison from Professor
Charles Batchlor. Reluctant to disturb Edison, she cannot
resist the charming Tesla. After hearing Tesla was sent with
a recommendation from Charles Batchlor, Edison allows him a
few moments. Tesla, ducking under the door way to enter the
office, stands before the famous Thomas Edison. Unimpressed,
he reads the letter, but turns Tesla down for employment.
Just then a junior engineer bursts into the office frazzled
to share the news that the SS Oregon’s ship generator has
caught fire and the captain is in a fury. The ship is
scheduled to set sail the next day. Edison demands two
engineers go over to fix the problem, but is told all
engineers are out in the field and the two top engineers are
at the Vanderbilt house. He turns to Tesla and asks if he
can fix the problem. Without hesitation, Tesla’s confidence
convinces Edison to allow him the opportunity to show him
his engineering skills. Hours later in the middle of the
night, Edison receives a phone call from junior engineer who
took Tesla to the SS Oregon. Impressed at Tesla’s unique
engineering skills, Edison offers him a job. Tesla offers
his design of alternating current, but Edison will have
nothing to do with it and snaps at Tesla that he will fire
him on the spot if he hears one word about alternating
current. Tesla convinces Edison of his skills in solving the
many issues with direct current at a one-hundred percent
success rate and that he can improve the existing direct
current system by thirty-percent within a year. Edison
replies, “If you can do that, I’ll give you a bonus of
$50,000”. They have entered a gentleman’s agreement. Tesla
trusts Edison on his word.
1885, Tesla is able to treat himself to dine at his
favorite and the most expensive restaurant in New York,
Delmonico’s. His favorite waiter knows his dining
ritual of bring Tesla a silver tray of twelve serviettes, so
that Tesla can calculate a mathematical equation divisible
by three, and that is the serviette he chooses. Each time is
a different equation. He then polishes his silverware with a
cloth napkin, placing them in a specific order. He also
organizes his food on his plate by three’s. Because of his
uniqueness, the waiters and maître d’ know Tesla. Tesla
succeeds beyond Edison’s expectations, the entire
engineering crew and all employees are amazed with the
results. There are far less fire-break outs and at least
forty-percent efficiency in the entire system, including the
dynamos, completing the improvements more than ten percent
as promised. Tesla walks into Edison’s office to collect the
$50,000 bonus from their gentleman’s agreement upon
completion of his success with the direct current system.
Edison dismisses Tesla stating he never entered into a firm
agreement and that Tesla “does not understand American
humor”. Tesla, furious with Edison’s dishonest behavior
announces his resignation. Edison offers him a ten dollar a
week raises and tells him he will never find a better salary
in this town. Tesla says he will take his changes elsewhere
and would never work under the employ for a man without any
ethical integrity. Tesla leaves his employ at the Edison
Electric Company.
1886,one day Tesla returns to his room at the
Gurlach Hotel after a long day of making a trip to Rahway,
New Jersey, Irving Street, where he plans to set-up his new
company, Tesla
Electric Light and Manufacturing . He
planned to sell and license his patents and new innovations.
He is received by Mr. Earl with two packages. In his room,
Tesla wipes off the two large envelopes with a damp soapy
towel, while sitting at his hotel room desk, he reads “My
Dear Nephew…We have wired three hundred and fifty American
dollars waiting for you at the National bank of New
York…Please send us a correspondence, as we are all praying
for you, considering your unfortunate dealing with Mr.
Edison, we all are hoping you have made good progress with
your new patent filings and finding a place for your new
company…Warmest Regards Uncle Pajo Mandic’”. The next
envelope contains a letter from the United States Patent
Department granting Tesla approval for the following patents
335,786 Electric Arch Lamp, 334,823 Commutator for
Dynamo-Electric Machines, 336,967 and 336,962 Regulator for
Dynamo-Electric Machines, Sincerely U.S. Patent Department.
Just then the telephone rings. It is two investors,
ironically needing help for advancement in their arch
lighting company. Tesla agrees to meet them the next evening
at Delmonico’s. Since money has prevented him from
dining at his favorite, but most expensive restaurant in all
of New York, he is looking forward to an evening of fine
food and a glass of the best whiskey.
1886, Delmonicos; evening. The waiter is happy to
see Tesla and brings Tesla the silver tray of serviettes to
choose, as Mr. Eicks and Mr. McNeil watch with confusion.
They offer Tesla the opportunity to develop and improve
their arch lighting system for their group of investors in
their company and in return finance the Tesla
Electric Light and Manufacturing Company in
Rahway, New Jersey. This was not the opportunity Tesla had
hoped for, since he was interested in his alternating
current invention, however, he could only create an
outstanding arch lighting system, as his integrity would not
allow him anything less. Tesla invented an arc lamp of high
efficiency; the carbon electrodes were controlled by
electromagnets or solenoids and a clutch mechanism and had
an automatic fail switch. The company earned money as a
result of Tesla’s system, but most of the capital gained
went to the investors. Ultimately, financial investors
disagreed with Tesla on his plan to continue developing the
company with alternating current, even though Tesla invented
a unique arc lamp of beautiful design and efficiency. After
completing the work, Tesla was eventually relieved him of
his duties, forced out of the company and left with nothing
but worthless stock, but yet another terrible experience in
his short time in America.
Late 1886
– 1887, Tesla can only find work digging ditches
earning $2.00 per day; ironically the ditches were to lay
wire for the Edison Electric Company. He cuts holes out of
his gloves so that he can work with the shovel, yet keep his
cleanliness, not to touch anyone or thing, yet, Tesla was
never one to give-up, continuing to work on the brushless
alternating current induction motor prototype and patent
filings. Although, word began to spread that a genius, who
worked for Thomas Edison improved Edison’s DC system and
there was an argument causing this genius to leave his
employ. Even though he is somewhat of a loner with his OCD,
he continues to grow his confidence in his genius ability to
envision future technology in his mind. He finds comfort in
receiving letters from his mother, father and his two uncles
Peter and Pajo, as well as financial support. In. He was
broke, but his luck quickly changed, when he was contacted
by Mr. A.K. Brown of the Western Union Company, who agreed
to invest in Tesla’s idea for an AC motor. He offered Tesla
the use of his office to use as a laboratory on 89 Liberty
Street. It is a short distance from The Edison
Electric Company on Pearl Street. November and December
1887, Tesla was successfully granted seven U.S. Patents for
his alternating current system in the field of polyphase AC
motors and power transmission. These comprised a complete
system of generators, transformers, transmission lines,
motors and lighting. His ideas were so original that they
were issued without challenge and would turn out to be the
most valuable patents since the telephone. "The motors I
build there," said Tesla, "were exactly as I imagined them.
I made no attempt to improve the design, but merely
reproduced the pictures as they appeared to my vision and
the operation was always as I expected." The battle to
produce his motor was over. But the struggle to introduce it
commercially was only just beginning.
Tesla’s superior AC system directly competed with Edison’s
DC system. He was granted over forty patents, all at the age
of thirty-one. With the investment money he is able to hire
an assistant, Kolman Citzo, two secretaries, Miss Skerritt
and Miss Arbus and his legal manager, George Scherriff. He
demands everyone dress meticulously and the secretaries are
not allowed to wear any jewelry. Their hair is to be worn in
a bun with no jeweled combs and they may not wear the same
outfit in a one-week period. This caused them to use their
entire paycheck to purchase new clothes. The demanding Tesla
was not concerned. His staff quickly learned that he could
think all of his ideas in three-dimentional form in great
detail and would become quick annoyed if asked to write
extra instructions on paper. They also learned of his OCD
and prepared cleaning tools so he could wash at his
convenience and his need to have everything available to him
in three’s.
1888 May 16, Tesla speaks at Columbia
University before the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers (AIEE). He is introduced by Professor Francis
Bacon Crocker. He demonstrates his prototype of his
two-phase induction motor develops one-half horsepower and
requires no brushes or a commutator, whereby reducing
frictional and heat losses. By cycling or alternating the
current a reduction of resistance is realized creating a
method by which the long distance transmission of
electricity is now possible. The audience is amazed with his
well-thought out vision and ability to articulate every
component of his design in detail. He answers every question
without hesitation convincing every one of his piers to a
standing ovation. He instantly becomes the most
well-respected and sought after engineer and inventor on a
global scale.
Late 1888, Tesla is flooded with invitations for dinners
held in his honor, speaking engagements, and every reporter
in the city was calling for an interview. If it was held at
Delmonico’s, Tesla would most likely attend. Everyone who
worked for him knew not to speak to him when he was writing
in his notebook, nor not to disturb him while he was
conducting an experiment.
Citzo, Sherriff and Miss Skerritt quickly learned how to
work with Tesla; hence he became his loyal assistant for his
entire life.
Later 1888,
One of the most important meetings Tesla took was with the
adventurous industrialist, George Westinghouse, who
invented the railroad airbrakes, all produced at his plant
in Pittsburg with over two-hundred and fifty employees and
plant workers and engineers. He heard about Tesla’s AC
system that he demonstrated at the IEEE and knew this was a
genius who would change the world forever. He arrived in his
personal trolley. A very gregarious man who would never
take no for an answer, came prepared to make a deal with
Tesla and nothing would stop him. Westinghouse knew if he
partnered with Tesla, he would finally crush the infamous
Thomas Edison with his unreliable DC system. Westinghouse
had a gut feeling that Tesla was the future and he wanted
in. He offered Tesla $60,000, $5,000 immediate cash and 150
shares in the Westinghouse Corporation for the purchase of
his seven alternating current patents. Additionally, Tesla
required, and Westinghouse agreed to a separate royalty
contract of $2.50 per horsepower of electrical capacity
sold. A deal was made! Two very different men, from two very
different worlds, with mutual respect, would become partners
to manufacture the first solid, iron-clad system that would
bring light to the world. Tesla always had more ideas in his
mind and once he worked out an invention, saw every last
detail down to the wiring, noted it, and was then on to the
next. Sometimes he had multiple ideas going on, but now he
was thinking about wireless communication. So with his new
money, he started spending his money on a new laboratory so
he could start on his experiments for his new inventions.
1888, Direct current could not easily be converted
to higher or lower voltages. This meant that separate
electrical lines had to be installed to supply power to
appliances that used different voltages, such as lighting
and electric motors. This required more wires to lay and
maintain, wasting money and introducing unnecessary hazards.
A number of deaths in the “Great Blizzard of 1888” were
attributed to collapsing overhead power lines in New York
City.
Alternating Current could be transmitted over long distances
at high voltages, using lower current and thus energy loss
and greater transmission efficiency, and then conveniently
stepped down to low voltages for use in homes and factories.
When Tesla introduced a system for alternating current
generator, transformers, motors, wires and lights in
November and December 1887, it became clear that AC was the
future of electric power distribution, although DC
distribution was used in downtown metropolitan areas for
decades thereafter.
1888, Tesla is working at the Westinghouse plant in
Pittsburg with the staff engineers, particularly, lead
engineer, Benjamin Lamme. Although Tesla is confident
of his alternating current system, so well thought-out in
his head to every last wire, it will work perfectly, but he
must depend on other engineers to carry this out, and this
makes him uneasy and somewhat irritated. He has no
time for what he considers stupid questions. Knowing he is
superior to them all, he demands they follow his orders
without hesitation. He can’t be bothered with formal
blueprints, as he has too much detail already worked out in
his head and he is driven to run each experiment three times
due to his OCD. Tesla changes the system frequency to run at
sixty cycles per second. Benjamin Lamme can’t understand
this and Tesla hastily writes his instructions for them on
pieces of paper, making it difficult because they don’t
understand what they are doing. Benjamin tells Westinghouse
and them both agree sixty cycles is unheard of and
Westinghouse instructs Benjamin to change it back to the
standard, one-hundred and thirty-three cycles. Tesla is now
very angry, especially that anyone would dare question his
instructions, confronts Westinghouse. Just as they are
speaking, Benjamin runs in shaken up that sparks are flying
everywhere. Tesla proves his point to Westinghouse and that
if change is going to happen, then the system must change
with it. He makes a point to Westinghouse that he will NEVER
be questioned or under minded again. Both Westinghouse and
Benjamin apologize, never to question Tesla again. Tesla’s
point is clearly made.
1889, the first long distance transmission of DC
electricity in the United States was switched on at
Willamette Falls Station in Oregon City, Oregon.
1890, A flood destroyed the Willamette Falls Direct
Current power station. This unfortunate event paved the way
for the first long distance transmission of AC electricity
in the world when Willamette Falls Electric Company
installed experimental AC generators from Westinghouse. The
Niagara Falls Power Company (NFPC) and its subsidiary
Cataract Company formed the International Niagara Commission
composed of experts to analyze proposals to harness Niagara
Falls to generate electricity. The commission was led by
Lord Kelvin and Eleuthe’re Mascart from France, William
Unwin from England, Coleman Sellers from the US, and
Theodore Turrettini from Switzerland. It was backed by
entrepreneurs such as J.P. Morgan, Lord Rothschild, and John
Jacob Astor IV. Among nineteen proposals, they could not
decide which method would be best overall. They even
briefly considered compressed air as a power transmission
medium, but preferred electricity.
1890, the breakthrough with Tesla’s AC patents
caused an industrial war to erupt, and Edison was right
behind it. Edison launched a propaganda war against
alternating current. A committee was being formed to manage
all events at the upcoming Chicago World’s Fair, to be held
on May 1, 1893. The biggest event in the world would
showcase lighting-up the fair. Would it be DC or AC? The
committee would consider bids from all over the world and
choose the one they felt could pull it off without a hitch.
This fuelled Edison to start a campaign discrediting Tesla’s
AC. Edison used his affiliate, Professor Brown who
publically electrocuted old dogs, horses and puppies. One in
particular was an old circus elephant named Topsy. The other
was a convicted Ax murderer named William Kemmler who was
the first to be electrocuted at New York's Auburn State
Penitentiary.
1891, Tesla is invited back to Columbia University
to speak before the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers (A.I.E.E.). Professor Francis Bacon Crocker
introduces Tesla again. This time his advancements in
producing alternating current is much further along, as well
as his ability to become a great showman. He is dressed in a
white suit with tails and top hat, as well as his white
gloves. He has Citzo, his loyal assistant to help him
demonstrate running hundreds of thousands of high frequency
currents serge across his body using two grounding panels, a
carbon button lamp and cork grounding shoes. He explains to
his fellow engineers the principles and display of the
safety of his alternating current. The audience is amazed,
giving him a standing ovation.
1891 July 30, Tesla stand before a
group of the United States Citizenship Office reciting his
oath to become an American Citizen. It is the proudest day
of his life.
1891, J.P. Morgan office, as he sits before Thomas
Edison and Charles Coffin, president of the Thomas Houston
Electric Company, which has been successful in arch
lighting. Morgan informs Edison he has obtained all majority
stock proxy from the Rockefeller’s and Mr. Hamilton Twombly,
which puts him as the majority stock holder. So, being that
he is already majority stock holder in the Thomas Houston
Electric Company, his mergers the two companies into one,
forming General Electric, known as GE. Edison is so
angry, he is beside himself, but since it is J.P. Morgan, he
cannot say a word. Morgan feels that he will have a
slam-dunk with winning the bid for the Chicago World’s fair
by merging the two companies together.
1891, the powerful J.P. Morgan buys two-hundred
million dollars of government bonds in gold, helping pull
the country from a major depression. President Grover
Cleveland is grateful to Morgan.
Early 1892,
Tesla moves into his new laboratory located on 46 and 48
Houston Street. The laboratory now looks like the den of an
alchemist. There is a continuous hum from a series of coils
powered up ready to be used to create extremely high voltage
for experiments. In the middle of the lab is an electrical
apparatus with a copper egg rotating in a magnetic field.
The egg spins on its major axis standing on its end due to
gyroscopic action. The lab is brilliantly lit of purple and
red. The reception area is located directly outside the main
lab area. Citzo holds a light saber as he is bathed in an
eerie blue light that follows him from place to place.
1892, Tesla receives notice from the fair committee
that his plan submission to illuminate the Chicago World’s
Fair has been approved and accepted. Tesla is now more
sought after than ever. The calls to his office are flooded.
He is now very particular about who he meets and has no
time, becoming very irritated at anyone who bothers him for
“nonsense”. His ego and confidence demands his staff
to be extra careful with being prepared. He will light up
the fair with no problem and expects everyone around him to
step up their game. He accepts an invitation to speak before
the International Institute of Electrical Engineers and the
International Exposition in Paris. The events take place in
September, 1892. Robert Underwood Johnson and his wife
Katharine, both New York socialites and Robert is the editor
of Century magazine. Katharine has been following Tesla’s
accomplishments, and sends the message that if he does not
grant an interview with Robert, she will divorce her
husband. Tesla finds this a brilliant way to get his
attention and accepts an invitation for an interview at
Delmonico’s. Tesla is impressed with Robert’s knowledge of
technology. They become life-long friends and Katharine
adores Tesla, swooning over him, but Robert doesn’t seem to
mind.
Morgan is furious that GE lost the bid to light the fair. He
blames Edison and puts pressure on him to make sure they win
the bid for the up-coming Niagara Falls. Edison gives him
his word. Morgan also convinces a judge to file a court
order forbidding Westinghouse to use the patent one-piece
Edison lamp and that no one-piece stopper bulb can be
designed of any kind. Tesla designed a two-piece stopper
bulb, however, some of the bulbs would lose the vacuum and
Tesla calculated how many bulbs would fail each night. The
team would collect those bulbs each night after the fair,
take them by train back to the plant in Pittsburg, there a
team would fix the bulbs through the night and put them back
on the train early the next morning to install them. This
happened every night for three months.
1892 Tesla makes the first class trip
to speak at the Institution of Electrical Engineers in
London, before some of the most prestigious engineers and
scientist in the world, now known as Dr. Tesla; he
demonstrated lights that operated without wire connections;
tubes so sensitive as to be able to sense an electronic
impulse across the Atlantic. The distinguished Lord Rayleigh
commented after watching Dr. Tesla’s demonstrations as being
a rare talent for discovering fundamental principles, and in
the future Dr. Tesla should concentrate on a “single big
idea”. Tesla begins having visions in his sleep and awaking
suddenly with perspiration covering his body, shaking as he
holds his head from sharp pains of the flashing lights. He
rocks the bed to help with the pain and senses something is
wrong with his mother. While walking down the blvd. to meet
a friend and Swami Vivekananda for dinner, he notices a
painting in a gallery window, painted by Louise Abbema. It
is clouds and with a slight of the eye, you can see angles
faces. He sees one of faces is his mother. While having
dinner, Sarah Bernhardt walks by and drops her handkerchief
so Tesla immediately jumps to pick it up. They lock eyes and
it is love at first sight. Tesla asks her about the artist
he just saw and Sarah knows her, as they were once lovers.
They have dinner the next night and she buys the painting
for him. He keeps her handkerchief, the painting of the
angles by Louise Abbema and a painting given to him from
Swami for the rest of his life. He develops a long love
relationship with Sarah. She becomes the only woman in his
life who understands how to make love to him, playing sexual
jesters with him using numbers of three. She is twelve years
older than Tesla. Their time together in Paris is cut short,
as Tesla receives a message that his mother has taken very
ill. The dreams and nightmares he has been having, have come
to reality. He arrives just in time to see his mother before
she passes. As he takes a long walk after a terrible thunder
storm, there was a lightening flash and a few moments after
came a deluge, it comes to him that the two phenomena were
closely related as a cause and effect and a little
reflection led him to the conclusion that the precipitation
was considerable, being like that of a sensitive trigger. If
a man could produce electric effects of the required
quality, the conditions of existence on earth could be
transformed. Arid deserts could be irrigated; this could be
the most efficient way of harnessing the sun to the uses of
man. The opportunity depends on an ability to develop
electric forces in the order of magnitude of those in
nature. Imagine unlimited energy from nature. Free for all
mankind. This is his “one big single idea”, WIRELESS
ENERGY!!
1892 August 21, Tesla, very tired both
physically and emotionally, returns to New York. In his room
at the Gerlach, he hangs his painting from Swami
Vivekanande, the painting from Sarah and sets out her
handkerchief. He receives a condolence letter from Katharine
Johnson, who now begins to send him numerous letters
inviting him to come stay at their brownstone.
1892, now Dr. Tesla is working at the Westinghouse
plant in Pittsburg getting the generators ready for the
Chicago’s World’s Fair. He receives the news that J.P.
Morgan had convinced a judge to serve them with a court
order that they can’t use a one-piece stopper bulb of any
kind. Tesla comes up with a new design for a two-piece bulb;
however, the bulb will not sustain the energy and may break.
Tesla calculates what bulbs and how many will pop each night
so the workers can collect them, send them by train to
Pittsburg, where they will be repaired, and then sent back
on the train and installed early the next morning so they
will work each night when the fair is lit-up.
Early 1893,
Citzo’s son Julus joins the team at the new laboratory on
south 5th avenue.
Tesla’s laboratory looks like a Frankenstein-esk with blue
eerie lights and Citzo walks around with a light saber.
There is a whole section set up for glass blowers.
Everything had to be created for the innovative nature of
the experiments. Two hanging phosphorescent screen panels
and a short table of carbon buttons is set-up along with two
other long tables that hold hundreds of different tubes for
experiments. While a carbon button that are attached to
wires to a gas filled tube that will create a powerful
cathode tube. Tesla tells Citzo to turn up the energy output
with the power wires wrapped around on one of the panels,
suddenly shows an image of Tesla hand. He has just created
X-ray. His hand is covered in blisters.
1893. May 1, Chicago World’s Fair, “The Columbian
Exposition” President Grover Cleveland flips the switch and
hundreds of thousands of incandescent lamps burst into
light. Never before has any man successfully achieved what
was witnessed on that May night. Dr. Tesla had several
exhibits where he displayed his inventions of neon
florescent lights he spelled out into tubes with the names
of his favorite poets, scientists and inventors. An A.C.
generator was on display, so visitors could see how the fair
was lit. He also dressed in a white suit with coattails, top
hat and cork soled shoes to ground him. He had the two
hanging phosphorescent screen panels that he stood between
and carbon button in his pocket and he would shoot
one-million bolts of electricity through his body, proving
how safe A.C. was to the world, as everyone gasped in
amazement. He also revealed the invisible forces of
electricity with his display of the “Egg of Columbus’, a
metal egg shaped object that spins on its axes with no form
of locomotion. The fair displayed the new century of
technology and Tesla was in the lead. The 264 foot Farris
Wheel took visitors on the ride of their life, and the first
zipper was introduced. 27 million visitors from all over the
world visited the fair over a three month period,
celebrating the 400th year
of Columbus’ voyage to America, but also honored the
progress of American civilization.
1893, the committee for Niagara Falls meets to
review the six bids from all over the world. Headed by
British physicist Lord Kelvin and other members are well
regarded scientist consists of several of the wealthiest men
in America and Europe Edward Dean Adams, J.P. Morgan, John
Jacob Astor, Lord Rothschild, W.K. Vanderbilt, and director
of the project, William Rankin.
1893, one week later. The committee for the Niagara
Falls project makes its decision and announces Westinghouse
and Dr. Tesla won the bid to harness and distribute
electricity at Niagara Falls. The head of the committee,
Lord Kelvin stated it was very clear from the beginning that
the Westinghouse Electric Company and Dr. Nikola Tesla’s
plan, with its existing prototype of the generator was most
feasible. The General Electric Company was granted a
licensing agreement for a certain number of Tesla’s patents
to build twenty-two miles of transportation line to Buffalo,
New York. The two generators will be completed by November
16, 1896 in the Niagara Power Plant to start the harnessing
of energy of the fall with a total of ten generators to be
installed at the facility. Dr. Tesla said “I will deliver
5,000 horsepower of electricity through each one of my
generators”. Tesla’s poly-phase system will be used
throughout the project. He was confident all along that his
A.C. system would be chosen.
1893, Tesla files and is granted seventeen wireless
communication patents, also patents for System of Electrical
Transmission of Power, Electric Generator, Steam Engine,
Electrical Transmission of Power, Coil for
Electro-Magnetics, Reciprocating Engine.
1894, Tesla files patents for
Electrical Conductor, Means for Generating Electric
Currents, Incandescent Electric Light, Electric Railway
System, Electrical Meter, Electromagnetic Motor.
1894, Robert and Katharine Johnson host a dinner in
honor of Tesla at Delmonico’s. The who’s who of the New York
social world, Samuel Clemons, Marion Harris, Sarah
Bernhardt, the Morgan’s, the Rockefeller’s, the
Vanderbilt’s. Joseph Jefferson, the Astor’s, the King and
Queen of Budapest, Thomas Fortune Ryan. Some of the guest
attend Tesla back to his laboratory to witness his display
of shooting millions of volts through his body. Samuel
Clemens is one of the few that try it out, at a much lower
voltage.
1894, Tesla dines with Sarah Bernhardt at
Delmonico’s, which he frequents almost every evening. The
waiters know exactly what to bring Tesla to make him very
comfortable. Charles Demonico invites Tesla to join him and
several of his friends, who are professional billiard
players. Tesla is apprehensive at first, but Sarah
encourages him until he agrees. After they dine, they join
the group in a special room, decorated with a beautiful
billiard table. Tesla watches a few games and declines the
gentlemen’s offer for a fifteen point lead. He wins the
first three games against two of the best players in the
world. On his way out, he leans over to Sarah and whispers
in her ear, “its simple mathematics”.
By early 1895,
Tesla was ready to transmit a signal 50 miles to West Point,
New York... But in that same year, on March 13, 1895 at
33-35 South Fifth Avenue, disaster struck. A building fire
consumed Tesla's lab, destroying his work. He was
devastated, as he walks through the streets of New York in a
daze. His OCD is at an all-time high. He keeps repeating
over in three’s “my laboratory burned down, I’ve lost
everything”. He falls to the ground and people are kicking
him, calling him drunk, as he holds his head from the
painful flashes of light and mumbling three times “I’ve lost
everything”, and then “my laboratory burned down”. He
makes his way back to the Gerlach Hotel and lies on his bed
in a fetal position, rocking back and forth. Never before
has Tesla been so DE shelved. Robert and Katharine Johnson
look everywhere for him and finally Katharine finds him at
the Gerlach Hotel where a crowd of reporters and fans have
gathered. The police are called to break up the crowd
and shoot gunfire in the ceiling to show they mean business.
An officer escorts Katharine up to see him. George
Westinghouse and Edward Adams are concerned of his
whereabouts. Adams goes to see him, but Tesla is
incoherent, not making sense from the painful flashes of
light and hallucinations. Everyone is concerned about the
progress of Niagara, since he is the only one who knows
exactly how it will work. Since he only uses notes with
instructions, there are no blue prints made that lay out the
system, therefore no engineers are able to understand
exactly how falls will be harnessed.
Tesla slowly got himself together and back to work on the
generators, although the loss still weighed heavy on his
mind. He slowly began to socialize and Katharine Johnson was
sending him letters of love and encouragement. She and
Robert took him out to Delmonico’s whenever he was able.
Being he was the most sought out bachelor in not only New
York, but the world, woman were at his beck and call, and
one was the Dodge heiress Flora Dodge. They were seen
several times at Delmonico’s, but whenever Sarah Bernhardt
came to town, she was first in line.
1896, Westinghouse, Rankin and the crew of workers
and engineers are loading the three components for the first
generator on a flatbed train. The armature, slater and the
cover. A crane is used to load the massive components.
Following the train is Westinghouse in his private trolley
along with Benjamin Lamme and Rankine. They arrive as Tesla
and Citzo are making last minute notes to assure everything
is exactly as planned. A ladder is installed up the side of
the almost twenty-foot generator and thirty foot diameter
and over the top so Citzo can directly see down the center.
Tesla is sitting in a chair taking notes. Everything must
match exactly. The aliment cannot afford to be off by one
millimeter, or it will not work and could excite an orbit in
the bearing set. The crane lifts the three components
through one of the bay windows. Westinghouse, Benjamin and
Rankin arrive just as the cover is lowered. Although Tesla
still harbors the loss over his fire, particularly his X-ray
experiments, he is focused and completely confident his
alternating current system will work at Niagara Falls and he
would only answer to Dr. Tesla. He had worked out in his
brain every detail in three-dimentional images. There
was no test run on the system, so he faced skepticism from
the board, although Westinghouse had full confidence in him
and of course Citzo never questioned Tesla. Tesla dreamed of
harnessing power from the falls since he was a child and he
knew exactly how it would work, playing over and over in his
mind. The pleasure he received was building his creation,
not the gratitude of flipping a switch, although the
enjoyment of knowing Niagara Falls would work exactly as
planned without any test, lifted his ego and was his way
show any naysayers of his genius.
1896, November 16, the day Niagara Falls launched.
Thousands of spectators are there, including every reporter
from every newspaper. Rankin whispers to Westinghouse
nervous if this will work. Westinghouse appears confident.
Lord Kelvin was asked by Tesla to flip the “H” switch.
A speech is given and turbine flood gates open, a jet engine
whir sound becomes louder as the two water turbines turn the
giant armatures of the generators, then Lord Kelvin pulls
the switch and the rotating sound continues to increase
louder and louder, causing the river to flow uphill,
suddenly, all of the lights setup on and around the
buildings and grounds illuminate as a sense of magic fills
the cold winter air. The crowd roars, as the Ninth Ward
Polish-American honor guard gun spud performs a
twenty-one-gun national salute. This, one of the greatest
day in history (as important as the first man stepping on
the moon) Dr. Nikola Tesla just became the most famous man
in the world by owning the undisputed honor of improving
mankind’s life forever and making the Niagara Electric Power
Generation and Distribution Enterprise possible. The
achievement was covered widely in the world press.
1897, One year after the launch of the Niagara
Falls Power Station, electricity continued to expand, as
power lines were fast growing across the country. Although
people could now enjoy light in their house, allowing them
the most useful tool, still to this day, sadly two major
companies, one for creating the Power Station and the other
for distributing the alternating current light to homes,
were locked in litigation tying up important cash reserves
needed for the expansion of electricity across America.
Millionaires fighting Millionaires for the rights and
ownership of America’s electrical future. Many state and
local government leaders are calling this “the era of the
robber barons”, and right in the middle of causing this
lock-up was Mr. J.P. Morgan, and then announcing that that
he would be willing to purchase Dr. Tesla’s alternating
current patents to keep Westinghouse from financial
collapse. A sneaky manipulating tactic Morgan was
known for.
1897, the streets of New York was expanding with
excitement as
Broadway, Union Square, Time Square, apartments, buildings,
Broadway Plays were all lit up with lights at each corner.
New York was alive with night life.
1897, Westinghouse request to see Tesla. Tesla is
in Westinghouse’s office as Westinghouse explains the wear
it has taken on him with the ruthless litigation from GE.
The Westinghouse stockholders are also putting pressure on
him and the company is on the verge of a bankruptcy and he
can’t pay Tesla the $2.50 per horsepower on the royalty
contract. Morgan was manipulating the stock market to
purchase the alternating current patents. Tesla slides over
the contract that is sitting on Westinghouse’s desk, picks
it up, and then tears it in pieces. Westinghouse was very
happy, Tesla just saved his company. Tesla was grateful that
Westinghouse always believed in him, but he was working on
his wireless communication patents, amongst other inventions
he had in his mind, including that he was financially
strained even with his fame and world-wide accomplishments.
1897 January 12, Tesla is invited to
speak at Buffalo’s Ellicott Club banquet, before four
hundred of the most important bankers, engineers, lawyers,
mechanics and other socially important men are in
attendance. At the podium is director John William Leonard,
next to him was Albert Nelson Marquis and off to the side
George Westinghouse. Dr. Tesla was introduced by John
William Leonard to speak about Niagara Falls. On the agenda
was for Tesla to speak about how he first envisioned his
alternating current system and applying that to a
hydroelectric power plant; however Tesla was concerned with
his new invention the wireless transmission of energy and
begins to speak of this as the method for the next
distribution of electricity. Confused and concerned Mr.
Leonard does not understand why Dr. Tesla is wavering from
the agenda and does not comprehend his idea, so he whispers
to Albert Nelson Marquis and they agree to cut the lecture.
Mr. Leonard walks up to the podium and interrupts Tesla,
stopping the speech, stating they are out of time and lunch
is to be served. Dr. Telsa is lived. As a gentleman, Tesla
would never express an argument in front of the prestige’s
group of men, but he walks off to the side with Leonard,
Marquis, and Westinghouse stating he is never to be
interrupted, as I am smarter than you two men and you could
add about seven more highly educated men and you still could
not hold a candle stick to keep up with me. So gentlemen,
you can be assured that I will never return to your small
club, where you have displayed your lack of intellect and
pure rudeness, because you have no idea what you have just
done by illuminating the most important life changing
creation that you will soon enjoy. And this is coming from
the man who has lit the world. Tesla and Westinghouse leave
the building.
1898, Early evening, Tesla at age 41 is in his room
at the Gerlach, as he sits at his desk and opens the large
envelope from the U.S. Patent Department. He pulls out
patent numbers 645,576 649,621 613,809 method of
and apparatus or controlling mechanism of moving vessels or
vehicles has been approved and granted. Patent application
numbers 685,955 685,953 685,954 685,956
are pending for approval. Tesla is dressed in his white suit
and tails, white gloves, shirt and tie, as he waits in the
back room where he is about to demonstrate the most crucial
advancement since Niagara. Outside horse and buggies are
pulling up as the who’s who of the world dressed in evening
attire. The sign above reads: MADISON SQUARE GARDEN’S
“Tonight Dr. Nikola Tesla Demonstrates the Most Innovative
Invention Ever seen before”. Invitation only, some of the
people who exit their buggies are the Vanderbilt’s,
Rockefeller’s, Rothschild’s, J.P. Morgan, Samuel Clemons,
Sarah Bernardt, Marion Harris, Dignitaries, two United
States Navel Officials, and John Hammond, Jr. who helped
fund the event. Inside is a large tank of water with a
vessel floating a top and a podium with a stick controller?
A string quartet plays in the background. Everyone is
buzzing, as not knowing what to expect, but they know it
will be great. The announcers ask the one naval
officer directly from the White House to come up and checks
to verify that there are no wires of any kind and there is
no trickery or sleight of hand. He agrees. Dr. Tesla comes
up to the podium with loud applause. Suddenly, once the
crowd has quieted down he moves the controller and the
vessel moves as he directs the hand control. Everyone is
amazed. Tesla invites spectators to come up and operate the
controls. Someone yells “there’s a midget inside”! Citzo
comes up to the side of the take and opens the top. Then
they yell “what is the square root of twenty-one”! Tesla
blinks the lights three times. Samuel Clemons asks to come
up. Dr. Tesla again displays another amazing invention,
causing worldwide attention.
1898, next morning Tesla meets for an interview
with a reporter from the New York Times to discuss his
wireless communications. One of the few times, Tesla drew a
complete blueprint of a navel defense system that could be
operated robotically, setting off torpedoes to its opponent
and another set would come in and lock itself in position,
ready for the next release. The reporter and Tesla debated
over his invention causing warfare, where Tesla felt it to
be a deterrent. There is no reason for anyone to fear
technology. It is an evolution of progress that is
inevitable, whether it happens now or in the future of that
we cannot imagine, and unavoidable now after the success of
Niagara. The basic idea is really quite simple and based on
the study of human reactions to certain stimuli, following
the commands of human wishes. Technology will only improve
our lives to endless degrees. Wireless transmission can be
used for limitless applications and will carry on for
generations to come. So long as men meet in battle, there
will be bloodshed. Bloodshed, I’m afraid is man’s barbarous
passion, but it is not what God meant for us all. To break
this fierce spirit a radical departure must be introduced.
Something that never existed in warfare, a principle
technology which will forcibly turn the battle into a mere
spectacle, a play, a contest without loss of blood or life
with machines fighting machines. The reporter asks if a
machine could operate the components and mechanisms, without
the loss of life or a drop of blood. This was Tesla’s blind
belief that systems he created like this would be in
controlled by those of responsible and moral hands, using
the machines as a deterrent. Tesla was granted seventeen
wireless communication patents by the United States Patent
Office; however the United States Military did not know how
to apply Tesla’s designs in military use.
1898, Late Tesla’s 46 Houston street laboratory
Citzo secures a mounting plate on a steel beam exactly to
Tesla’s instructions. Tesla prepares for his experiment, as
he takes his electromechanical steam driven oscillator
(seven inches long, weighing five pounds) and attaches it to
the mounting plate. He then puts his ear against the
oscillator and searches for the resonance of the steel beam
that should be uniform to the entire building. He uses a
tuning fork to set the frequency range of the gage.
Suddenly, everything starts shaking. Fruit flying off of the
carts, buildings sway and bricks start of break loose. Tesla
has created an earthquake like experience all within a five
block radius. The police are flooded with telephone calls as
their chairs are rolling all around the office. Tesla can’t
stop the frequency so he grabs a sledge hammer sitting in
the corner or his laboratory and breaks the oscillator just
as the policemen break open the door. Tesla says to the
policemen, very calmly, “Too bad gentlemen, you’ve just
missed a very interesting experiment”.
1899, Tesla is informed by George Sheriff that he
has secured land in Colorado where the altitude air is
thinner so he can build his “Tesla Coil” allowing
electricity to full capacity. He will receive free
electricity from the El Paso Electric Company and in return
he must give a speech to the community of Pikes Peak when he
arrive and when de departs.
1899,Tesla is informed that Gugiano Marconi has
been applying with the U.S. patent department the very same
seventeen wireless communication patents that have already
been granted to Tesla. He is continuously turned down and
has even received numerous letters to stop applying, as they
are identical to Dr. Tesla patent which were granted in
1893. Tesla is very angry that a Marconi is attempting to
take credit for another man’s work, however he is confident
the legal system will not allow it, and commented “Marconi
is a donkey and is using all of my wireless patents calling
them derivative works of his own design. Let the future tell
the truth, and evaluate each one according to his work and
accomplishment. The present is theirs and the future which I
have really worked is mine”. Sheriff informs Tesla not to be
surprised if he continues to use all unethical and illegal
means possible to steal the achievement as him being the one
who invented wireless communication, including radio. To add
to his anger, he found out that Marconi requested a meeting
with J.P. Morgan.
1899, March 27, Guglielmo Marconi sends a wireless
signal across the English Channel, using the seventeen
wireless communication patents owned by Tesla. Tesla is
outraged!
1899, May Tesla and Citzo arrive at Pikes Peak Alta
Vista Hotel. A beautiful mountain lodge with amazing country
views. As he passes his way to the check-in desk, he notices
a beautiful young woman playing classical Mozart, Tesla’s
favorite. His arrival has been the talk of the town.
Everyone has been informed of his request for a suit
divisible by three, including sets of towels, hangers, etc.,
including the tray of serviettes wrapped in fine cloth
napkins. Tesla requests note paper and invites the
beautiful lady, Marguerite Merington to join him for dinner.
This is the start of a love affair during his stay in
Colorado. His driver, Chuck Smart will pick up him and Citzo
at 5:30 each morning, unless they stay at the laboratory
working through the night. When they arrive the next
morning, the property is fenced off, with a sign that reads
“KEEP OUT! GREAT DANGER!” They all walk to the laboratory,
which has been secured by cables to keep the building
grounded for the electrical experiments. The workers are on
the roof, installing the retractable roof, opened by the use
of a crank, so the electricity Tesla plans to create can
serge out of the laboratory and into the night sky. As they
enter the building, there is a sign on the door that reads
“ABANDON HOPE ALL YE WHO ENTER HERE” written in Italian. As
they enter inside the laboratory’ even Citzo who has seen it
all, is shocked. The massive Tesla Coil fills up most of the
space, which are actually two coils. The outer coil is
nearly fifty feet in diameter and twenty-five high. The
second or inner coil is five feet in diameter and thirty
high attached to one hundred foot antenna shaft with a two
foot diameter copper ball the top. The largest coil ever
built to-date, and Tesla is so excited to see what he has
envisioned come to life. They will conduct high frequency
experiments, the coil and the magnifying transformer will
produce 1,100 amperes and millions of volts of electricity
into the cool Colorado night sky. Flocks of doves startle
everyone as they fly from a rafter. Tesla is caught in a
moment of intrigue with birds, as he figures out in his mind
mathematical reasoning why they have the ability to catch
flight. Tesla circles the coil three times, before he
demonstrates opening the roof, using the crank thirty-seven
times. The crew of seven were all to arrive the next day,
including Citzo’s son, Julius.
1899, August, Tesla consumed with his work, manages
to find time to develop a relationship with Margarete. She
is completely infatuated with Tesla, never meeting anyone as
handsome, sophisticated and brilliant as he. They become the
talk of the town. With Tesla’s work schedule, she always
makes herself available whenever he calls. She is very
impressionable; interested in every word Tesla has to say.
She is the only one in the town who has been formally
educated, leaving the town to graduate from college and then
returning, so she feels lucky to meet Tesla, as no other men
are formally educated. Even though Tesla knows she is
falling in love with him, he does not feel the same and does
not concern himself with any consequences. He is selfish
with the importance of his work always taking first
priority, knowing he will never marry, as it would always be
a distraction. Sarah always knew that, making it very easy
for him to be with her. Margarete had trouble understanding
Tesla’s commitment and dealing with his OCD. Sarah knew how
to incorporate his obsession with the number three, using it
in ways to make him feel comfortable and at ease, which
rarely never happened.
1899, December late evening, everyone is dressed in
their best suits. This would be the night of the biggest
experiment ever. Each of the crew has gone through their
check list three times. Everything is planned and the
equipment is checked to the smallest detail. The roof has
been retracted. The firing will be three, one second events.
When the coil temperature gage hits 2,000 degrees it must be
shut down. Citzo closes the first switch. The coil is
humming loader and loader. The secondary coil begins to
spark and crack followed by a never before seen strange
eerie blue corona that forms in the air around the coil.
Citzo closes the main coil firing switch, and then a huge
arc of electricity snakes up and down the center coil,
building millions of volts of energy, oscillating faster and
faster as the current builds. The noise is so load; it is as
if a jet engine was in the room. Electricity, now in its
most lethal state, explodes in a thunderous bang,
discharging hundreds of millions of volts up the antenna
mast into the dark night sky. Suddenly, a second thundering
crack of energy creates a shock-wave so powerful that the
building pulls at its grounding cables that snap in two, as
the building shakes from its foundation. Highly charged
liquid plasma creates a blue aura encompassing the
laboratory that can be seen by the residents of silver
springs 22 miles away. A bolt of lightning strikes out into
the night sky one-hundred and thirty feet in the air. The
entire town is blacked-out, and electricity is fed back to
the El Paso Electric Plant, shutting down all of its
generators. The station manager is outraged! Tesla is not
concerned by the least, that he just blacked-out the entire
town. He is thrilled that he just created a lightning bolt
shoot further than he expected. He tells the station manager
that he will fix the generation within twenty-for hours. The
manager is upset that it would be impossible and they would
be down for at least two week, if I’m lucky. Tesla very
calmly and arrogant tells the manager “Sir, I designed those
generators you are using, I know exactly what I am doing,
and when I say I will have them and I will have them fixed
and running within the next twenty-four hours, please do not
question my ability”, he then walks away.
1900, January, Tesla has over-extended himself with
his facilities and experiments in Colorado, spending
$100,000. It is time for him to return back to New York.
George Sheriff send word, that J.P. Morgan has expressed
interest in investing in his wireless communication,
particularly radio broadcasting. He has secured land in
Wardencliffe, Long Island Shore. John Jacob Astor was
Tesla’s wealthiest and most generous investor. He invested
$100,000 in 1899 for Tesla to, as he understood it, further
develop and produce a new lighting system. Tesla instead,
used the money to fund his Colorado Springs experiments. Mr.
Astor was understandably unhappy with Tesla’s deception and
avoided him for several years
1900, January, day. Tesla stands at a podium in an
area on the grounds of the Alta Vista Hotel. Nearly the
entire town of Pikes Peak of Colorado residents attended,
all in anticipation to hear the man speak who has stirred up
fear and interest over their quiet town the past year. Tesla
gave an outstanding speech explaining how the experiments he
conducts will advance the future and safety of this nation
for their children and their children. He received a
standing ovation causing the town to feel proud that through
all of their fears their small town would go down in
history.
Margarette Merington sits down with Tesla she has been
offered a position with New York Philharmonic. She was
hoping that she and Tesla might start a family together.
Tesla explains that he can never marry. He was born with a
god given gift and he must use it to better the lives of
mankind. It just takes up too much time, not allowing him to
be a good husband and father. Margarette becomes so angry,
feeling the entire town now sees her as “used goods”. She
slaps Tesla across the face and runs away. This has never
happened to Tesla before, leaving him shocked.
1900, January 4, The New York Times reported,
Alexander Stepanovich Popov stated to the Congress of
Russian Electrical Engineers; the emission and reception of
signals by Marconi by means of electric oscillations was
nothing new. The famous American engineer Dr. Nikola Tesla
completed the same experiments, seven years earlier, in 1893
and was awarded U.S. Patents for his work.
1900, Late Tesla returns to New York. Tesla is
taken a-back at the changes since Niagara Falls launched and
moreover, the last year and a half while in Colorado.
Electric street cars and excavation was under way for a new
underground electric rail system. The city was is lit and
full of night life. The American Marconi Company,
called RCA was form. The company is backed by J.P. Morgan,
Andrew Carnegie and Thomas Edison, Edison, Pupin and Marconi
are all consulting engineers in the company. Tesla,
very angry, calls George Sheriff to consult with an attorney
to protect Marconi the use of his wireless communication
patents.
Tesla checks into the beautiful Waldorf Astoria, suite 3332.
Everything prepared to his specifications. He is
received with an invitation to a dinner party hosted by J.P.
Morgan.
Tesla then sees a New York Times newspaper sitting on the
table in his suite. He reads; J.P. Morgan just purchased
Carnegie Steel in the amount of four-hundred and
eighty-million dollars. Morgan has now become the wealthiest
and most powerful man in the world. Tesla knows this could
have been him, had he not torn up the royalty contract with
Westinghouse, however, he felt then and still feels he made
the right decision; he had no time to waste, as all his
concentration was devoted to wireless communication.
He continues to reads the newspaper, quoting Morgan; “I
believe that no other company or man on earth can realize
and develop a complete system for wireless communications
other than Nikola Tesla. His work in developing a successful
system for the creation and distribution of electricity at
Niagara is world known and he will follow such a feat with
wireless communications.” Tesla is suspicious with the
accolades he is given by Morgan and his investment in
Marconi. Is Morgan aligning him with both sides of the
fence?
Tesla attends the dinner party given by Morgan. At the party
he is introduced to Anne Morgan, the daughter of J.P., and
they become friends.
1900, Tesla meets with Morgan in his office. He
insists that Tesla call him commodore, as do all of his
friends. First, Morgan gives him notice he is watching him
with his daughter. Morgan then offers Tesla a business
proposition of one-hundred and fifty thousand dollars to the
development of wireless communication concentrating only on
radio. With the purchase of Wardencliffe, Tesla has already
envisioned building a full global wireless communication
tower, and $150,000 would not cover the cost of that, but it
would change the world forever. Tesla doesn’t reveal
his plans to commodore, and commodore only focused on radio,
reminds Tesla the value of his offer would match that of
what 100 men make in a year. After Tesla comes back with an
offer of $500,000, and reminds Morgan the amount of money it
took for the Niagara Power Plant, Morgan will not budge,
sticking to his original offer. Tesla takes the deal,
believing he can still pull off the deal and build what he
has envisioned.
1900, February, Tesla writes in his notebook; when
my global wireless system is perfected, man shall be able to
communicate instantly irrespective of distance, weather or
location. People will view images of their families and
other information broadcast and received from thousands of
points on earth. We shall see and hear one another as
perfectly as though we were face to face.
1901, a large construction crew of workers at the
WardenclyffeTower are unloading tons of steel, copper
casing, hundreds of iron pipes and special fir timbers, just
as Tesla arrives from the New York train to Shoreham
Station. Tesla arrives with a Serbian man servant who
secures the mobile steps for him to step of the train, the
servant has a basket of he carries as he walks behind Tesla.
Stanford White; the architect who designed Niagara Falls has
agreed to design Wardenclyffe.
1902, December 12, Gugliemo Marconi has signaled
the letter “S” across the Atlantic from Cornwall, England to
Newfoundland. Tesla’s anger continues building, as he puts
pressure on George Sheriff to secure legal help.
1902, Tesla struggles with getting investment money
from Morgan. He has only paid a fraction of the agreed
amount. The Waldorf Astoria hosts a distinguished
gentlemen’s club, enjoying good Havana cigars and fine
whiskey. There, Colonel Astor mingles with Tesla about
Wardenclyffe, as he predicts the future of extraordinary
outcomes based on electric power and Niagara Falls will be
small in scale to Wardenclyffe, as well as his struggles
with J.P. Morgan. Astor is fascinated with Tesla’s
technological findings and what Wardenclyffe will do for
mankind. He also offers Tesla advice with Morgan’s business
practices and agrees to invest and help find investors.
1903, July, J.P. Morgan has not given Tesla the
full amount of the agreed investment money for Wardenclyffe,
but instead has sent him increments, stressing Tesla and
causing him to be delinquent in paying his workers, even
though he has raised his own investment money, Tesla has
still managed to almost complete the tower. Morgan is
still very angry that he has not yet seen any results. He
sends two men from his legal firm to go there and report
their findings. The two young lawyers happen to visit on of
the two occasions Tesla had fired-up the tower. The two men
leave frightened to death from the boom of thunder, the
sphere of a blue eerie light that glowed for miles and the
discharge of lightening that melted the step-down from their
car. They get out as fast as they can, reporting back to
Morgan.
1904, September 12, Tesla sitting at his desk in
his suite, reads a letter. Dear Mr. Tesla, we regret to
inform you that the following wireless communication patents
have been revoked due to our findings of prior art by
Guglielmo Marconi. Tesla is shocked and angry, although
George Sheriff and Colonel Astor gave him full warning of
J.P. Morgan’s business practices and it couldn’t be clearer
that Morgan is definitely behind this. He immediately runs
to the bathroom washing his hands three times and drying
them on a separate towel after each wash. He puts his jacket
on and then hangs it up three times. He takes the letter and
throws it in the trash, picks it up and repeats this three
more times, and does several other tasks like this before he
picks up the telephone to call Sheriff, requesting a meeting
with his team of lawyers. Most of them pro-bono because of
who he is and the great contribution he provided to the
world, but moreover, this is a great travesty of justice.
George Sheriff, devoting all of his time to manage all
communication and documents for the group.
Tesla is prepared to do whatever it takes to gain back his
patents that were so blatantly robbed from him, and his team
is right behind him for the good of American justice. If
this could happen to Tesla, it could happen to them.
1905, for the first time, Tesla is worried about
money and he can’t pay the good men who have worked so hard
to build his ultimate dream tower, which will change the
world forever well beyond Niagara. Additionally he is
getting behind on his rent at the Waldorf Astoria. He
believed that if Morgan would have paid the full agreed
$150,000 (he barely paid half) and the investment money from
Colonel Astor and investment partners, Wardenclyffe would
have changed the lives for all mankind and brought full
wireless communication to the world, using all of his
wireless communication patents, freeing him from this
one-sided legal battle, with the power of Morgan controlling
all of the judges in New York. Tesla naïvely didn’t have a
full understanding of how powerful Morgan was, since his
legal team was not gaining any rulings in their favor. This
was truly the downfall of his career, hence causing his OCD
to flare and making it hard for him to continue. His group
of loyal friends was all there by his side for encouragement
and help with finances, although it could not compare to the
fight against the wealthiest man in the world. Becoming an
American citizen was his proudest accomplishment and still
believed in the principles of a “Free Country”, yet he was
distressed over the many unethical practices that came his
way. His emotions were getting to him, making his attitude
irritable and curt with those around him. Although he knew
what he was up against, he hoped that there was at least one
honest judge out there that could not be bought.
1906, Tesla files lawsuit complaint against Marconi
America “RCA”.
1907, May 6, an article entitled “Tesla Tidal Wave
to Make War Impossible” from “English Mechanical and World
of Science, “Tesla states that his magnifying transmitter
has obtained rates of 25 million horsepower. May, 27th,
it had been just over ten years since Tesla lectured on
X-rays before the New York Academy of Sciences when they
elected him as an active member. Needing alternate funding
for the Wardenclyffe project, Tesla opens an office at 165
Broadway, which is now 1 Liberty Plaza and begins work on
other inventions such as propulsion system and the vertical
take-off and landing.25 Million H.P. Magnifier
1908, John Jacob Astor and Tesla reconcile from
earlier investment dispute and worked together on aircraft
and propulsion systems.
1909, Tesla reads The New York Times “Marconi has
been nominated to receive a Nobel Prize for Physics”.
He also reads another column that Thomas Edison and Dr.
Nikola Tesla are potential laureates to share the Nobel
Prize in the upcoming year of 1915 for their contribution in
electricity. Furious, Tesla would never agree to share an
honor of distinction with someone so dishonest. Tesla tosses
the paper in the trash can and then washes his hands three
times.
1910, Tesla gains initial success with “Turbines”’
He relocates his office to the prestigious to a 48 story
metropolitan tower, that is the tallest building at that
time. Sadly, Samuel Clemens dies of a heart attack in
Redding, Connecticut; one day after Haley’s Comet’s closest
approach to earth.
1911, Tesla’s talks about his new Monarch of
Machines, Gas Turbines and Flying machines that will neither
wings or propellers.
1912, April 14, Tesla was embroiled in other
problems at the time, but when Marconi was actually awarded
the Nobel Prize in 1911, Tesla was furious. Unfortunately,
friend and investor to Tesla, John Jacob Astor and his wife
were aboard the “Titanic”, which began to sink after
colliding with an iceberg. Mr. Astor was able to help his
wife into a lifeboat, but was unable to join her. His body
was found a few days later and is buried in Trinity Church
Cemetery in New York.
George Westinghouse dies in New York City at the age of 67.
As a Civil War Veteran, he was buried in Section 2 of
Arlington National Cemetery, along with his wife Marguerite,
who survived him by three months. Later to be called “The
Perfect Partnership” there is little doubt about the impact
Westinghouse and Tesla had upon the world.
Tesla moved his office from Metropolitan Tower to the
Woolworth Building, then the world’s tallest building, but
fell behind in rent after only a few months and was forced
to leave.
1913, Tesla receives patents for his turbine, which
is a bladeless centripetal flow. It is referred to as a
bladeless turbine because it uses the boundary layer effect
and not a fluid impinging upon the blades as in a
conventional turbine. The Tesla turbine is also known as the
boundary layer turbine, cohesion-type turbine, and Prandtl
layer (after Ludwig Prandtl). Bioengineering researchers
have referred to it as a multiple disk centrifugal pump. One
of Tesla’s desires for implementation of this turbine was
for geothermal power
1914, March 2, George Westinghouse dies in New York
City at the age of 67. As a Civil War veteran, he was buried
in Section 2 of Arlington National Cemetery, alongside his
wife Marguerite, who survived him by three months. Tesla and
Westinghouse were called “The Perfect Partnership” who
together had the greatest impact upon the world. Tesla moves
his office from the Metropolitan Tower to the Woolworth
Building, then, the tallest building in the world.
Unfortunately, his continued bad money management caused him
to fall behind in rent for a few months and was forced to
leave. Unlike the Gurlach Hotel, there was no lenience for
rent extensions, no matter who you were, and Tesla, although
losing his popularity, was still recognized most everywhere
he went.
1915, He sued the American Marconi Company (RCA)
for infringement in. Litigation on a case against a major
corporation caused financial hardship and difficulties
against the power behind Marconi and his prime investor,
J.P. Morgan. His lawsuit complaint is ongoing, with
continued struggles of constant blatant unlawful rulings
against Tesla. His team of lawyers was tiring of the unjust
battle and even though they know the legal system is not
being upheld, several can’t continue.
1915, Through all of the pressures concerning
money, the loss of his patents and the law suit, Tesla
continues to work, filing a new patent of the principles
regarding frequency, range, azimuth and power levels for the
first radar units.
Suffice to say that the destructive invention will go
through space with a speed of 300 miles a second, and man
less airship without propelling engine or wings, sent by
electricity to any desired point on the globe on its errand
of destruction, if destruction its manipulator wishes to
effect.
Ten miles or a thousand miles, it will be all the same to
the machine, the inventor says. Straight to the point, on
land or on sea, it will be able to go with precision,
delivering a blow that will paralyze or kill, as is desired.
A man in a tower on Long Island could shield New York
against ships or army by working a lever, if the inventor's
anticipations become realizations.
"It is not the time," said Dr. Tesla yesterday, "to go into
the details of this thing. It is founded on a principle that
means great things in peace; it can be used for great things
in war. But I repeat, this is no time to talk of such
things.""It is perfectly practicable to transmit electrical
energy without wires and produce destructive effects at a
distance. I have already constructed a wireless transmitter
which makes this possible, and have described it in my
technical publications, among which I may refer to my patent
1,119,732 [*] recently granted. With transmitters of this
kind we are enabled to project electrical energy in any
amount to any distance and apply it for innumerable
purposes, both in peace and war. Through the universal
adoption of this system, ideal conditions for the
maintenance of law and order will be realized, for then the
energy necessary to the enforcement of right and justice
will be normally productive, yet potential, and in any
moment available, for attack and defense. The power
transmitted need not be necessarily destructive, for, if
existence is made to depend upon it, its withdrawal or
supply will bring about the same results as those now
accomplished by force of arms.
"But when unavoidable, the same agent may be used to destroy
property and life. The art is already so far developed that
great destructive effects can be produced at any point on
the globe, determined beforehand and with great accuracy. In
view of this I have not thought it hazardous to predict a
few years ago that the wars of the future will not be waged
with explosives but with electrical means."
Dr. Tesla then said that it would be possible with his
wireless mechanism to direct an ordinary aero plane, man
less, to any point over a ship or an army, and to discharge
explosives of great strength from the base of operations.
Asked to express an opinion upon the announcement last
Sunday of Charles H. Harris, and electrical engineer of Los
Angeles, that he would be able to surround this country with
an electrical wall of fire in time of war, Dr. Tesla gave it
as his opinion that Mr. Harris was not practical.
"It is hard to stamp as impossible such results as those
described in the press dispatches to which you refer.
Granted, however, that the project is feasible, it would
take more than all the motive power obtainable in the United
States to throw a wall of fire around the country. In fact,
even the passage of small currents at considerable distances
through air consumes a great deal of energy on account of
the immense pressure required. So, for instance, in
lightening discharges, energy may be delivered at the rated
of billions of horsepower, though the currents are of
smaller volume than those developed by electrical generators
in our power houses."
1915, November 6, Nikola Tesla, and Thomas Edison
never shared the recipient of the Nobel Physics Prize, based
upon a dispatch from London, both stating to reporters they
had received no notification of the award. The committee did
not deny that Tesla and Edison were first choices, but never
made it public. Speculation is Tesla refused to share an
award with Edison. The award went to Professor William
Bragg and the University of Leeds, England. He left the
Woolworth Building; he relocated his office to 8W 40th street,
which was directly across the street from Bryant Park and
beloved pigeons.
In order to keep himself afloat, Tesla had given two
mortgages on Wardenclyffe to George C. Bolt proprietor of
the Waldorf Astoria, to secure payment of hotel bills
amounting to almost $19,000. Tesla requested that they not
be recorded, fearing that all of his projects would be
destroyed if the matter became public. He was unable to make
any payments at all forcing him to sign the deed over to the
Waldorf-Astoria, Inc., through a silent intermediary.
Tesla agrees to a sitting for his self-portrait, even though
he felt it to be “superstitious or unlucky”, however, the
Serbian artist Princess Vilma-Lwoff-Parlaghy agree to let
Tesla set up the lighting. She painted him at her studio at
109 East Thirty-Ninth Street, where he sat near a corner
window and placed a series of blue lights above his head on
the north side that illuminated him. This became the famous
“Blue
Portrait”. The portrait was unveiled on Tesla’s
birthday, July 10, 1931.
1917, May, originally rejecting the offer of the
AIEE’S highest award, Tesla reconsiders and accepts, after
being encouraged by Bernard A. Bebrend. During the
introduction, Tesla disappears and is later found at the
library feeding his beloved pigeons. He is persuaded to
return and gives his acceptance speech.
1917, July 4, the United States Marines are tearing
down the Wardenclyffe Tower using demolition. The government
is afraid that the tower could be used to communicate with
enemy submarines in our coastal waters, and used by German
Spies. Sheriff manages to move all of Tesla’s materials
before the destruction. Part of the deed was paid to pay off
his bill from the Walforf Astoria. Most of it is moved to
the New Yorker Hotel, Tesla’s new home, room 3327. He has
taken two rooms next to each other. One for all of his notes
and small experiments and the other are his sleeping
quarters. Sheriff found a buyer for the land, but part of
the land deed was paid to the Waldorf Astoria for Tesla’s
accumulative bill he owed.
1917, July, Tesla moves to Chicago.
1917, December 13, the announcement of Tesla to be
awarded the “Edison Medal”, established on February 11,
1904; the seventh Edison Medal ever given. The subject
matter of the award for Tesla was for “meritorious
achievements in his early original work in polyphase and
high-frequency electric currents.” will be presented to Mr.
Tesla at the annual meeting of the American Institute of
Electrical Engineers in the auditorium of the Engineering
Societies Building, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York,
on Friday evening, May 18, 1917, at 8.30 p. m. Ladies are
invited to attend this meeting.
1918, upon returning from Chicago, Tesla moves into
the Hotel St. Regis, one of New York’s most exclusive
hotels. Tesla stayed in room number 1607.
1919, “Electrical Experimenter” magazine began a
series of articles entitled “My Inventions” by Tesla. An
illustration of Tesla was also featured on the initial cover
of the issue with the article. To persuade the great Tesla
to write his own autobiography was no small feat, and Editor
Hugo Gernsback considered it one of his greatest
journalistic achievements. The articles were later converted
into the book with the same title.
1920, Tesla finds peace through all of his
financial and legal struggles by feeding the pigeons, who
have become his loyal friends. Every day he sits on the
bench across from the New York Library, as they flock around
him, all seeming to have a connection with him. He becomes
caretaker taking the sick or injured ones back to his room
at the New Yorker, where he has made little nests identical
to nature. He hand feeds them and makes small splits to heal
the ones who have broken wings. Some days he is joined by
his dear friend Robert Johnson. Over the years Robert has
fallen on tough times and they cover each other when one of
them has cash flow shortage by writing checks back and
forth.
1921 to 1925, Tesla works with the Budd Company and
develops new types of automobile engines for them.
1922, One of Tesla’s favorite pigeon’s dies.
Although he cared for many, he had some that he was
particularly fond of. One night the bird flew into
Tesla’s room at the Hotel St. Regis and her eyes lit up and
then she died. He knew at that moment her light was telling
him his life’s work was over.
1923, of course Tesla picked the most expensive
hotel in the city to reside, the St. Regis. Now the
$15. Per day was an exorbitant amount for the time, of which
he could no longer pay. He hadn’t paid anything over the
last seven months, he ran up a balance of $3,000., but,
always seeking a lavish residence, he checked into the
luxurious Hotel Marguery on the west side of Park Avenue,
between 47th and48th.
March 26, 1923, Sarah Berhardt dies at the age of 79.Tesla
1925, For unknown reasons, Tesla rents a room at
the Hotel Pennsylvania, making it his primary residence,
while continuing to rent the room at the Hotel Marguery. He
confided in Kenneth Swezey, telling him that the room at
Hotel Marguery was for meeting “special” friends and
acquaintances. Tesla’s long-life friend and most female
admire, Katharine Johnson died. Robert and Katharine were
his closest friends. Katharine always wooed over Tesla, as
they were very close, sending each other flirtatious letters
and Robert never seemed to mind. Tesla said their
relationship was platonic. On her death bed, she made Robert
promise to keep in close touch with Tesla, always watching
out for him. For other unknown reasons, Tesla relocates his
office from 8 West and 40th Street
to 350 Madison Avenue. Tesla
1926, June b5, Tesla receives a diploma of honorary
doctorate from the Faculty of Engineering, University of
Belgrade.
1926, June 29, Tesla received a diploma of honorary
doctorate from the University of Zagreb.
1926, Sava N. Kosanovic was the son of Marica
Kosanovic’, Tesla’s younger sister. Sova was also a diplomat
carrying the title of Ambassador of the Federal People’s
Republic of Yugoslavia. During his visit to New York City,
he met Tesla for the first time. Sova would later play an
important role in Tesla’s life.
J.P. Morgan as the major
shareholder in General Electric formed a privately held
corporation to acquire the assets of the Marconi American
Wireless Radio Company from British Marconi. The
organization will be known by its acronym “RCA”.
1928, Tesla now seventy-two is much thinner, as the
years of his court room battles against the most powerful
man in the world have taken their toll on him. His dark
brown hair has turned grey. He is still perfectly groomed in
his fine tailored suit. The always devoted and loyal Citzo,
still working beside his genius boss is now in his late
fifties and he as well, is greying hair, in a fine suit.
George Sheriff is in his late sixties with full grey hair in
his nice business suit. Maintaining his office on 350
Madison Avenue becomes too much to keep, so he closes it
down. The team has not wavered from their life-long purpose
in life; change the world for the better of mankind. Tesla
is granted from the U.S. Patent Department two crucial
patents, which can be used for military purposes and perhaps
sell them to the military; Method of Aerial Transportation
#1,655,113 and Apparatus for Aerial Transportation
#1,655,114.
1929, September 22, Tesla speaks on a radio show,
and tells of new radio theories, says the New York Herald
Tribune.
1930, Tesla is asked to leave the Hotel
Pennsylvania after residents complained about the droppings
from his “flying rats” and because he was $2,000.00 behind
in his rent. Tesla’s friend and admirer, B.A. Bebrend,
helped with the debt and Tesla relocates to the Hotel
Governor Clinton. In December 1931, Tesla gives a radio
interview about “Our Future Motive Power” in Everyday
Science and Mechanics.
1931, July 10, Tesla’s 75th birthday as passes a
news stand he stops to see he is on the cover of “Time
Magazine” from a recent interview he has just given to their
reporter. They used the “Blue Painting” portrait by Princess
Lwoff-Parlaghy to honor him. The caption reads “Dr. Nikola
Tesla has created the twentieth century”. This makes him
very happy having been overlooked for awards that rightfully
belonged to him, wireless communication patents and X-ray.
Tesla receives congratulations from 70 pioneers in science
and engineering, including Albert Einstein. Tesla took his
nephew, Peter Savo of to Buffalo New York and showed him a
modified Pierce-Arrow automobile.
1932, Tesla talks about his patent
(ART OF TRANSMITTING ELECTRICAL ENERGY THROUGH THE NATURAL
MEDIUMS, Nikola Tesla, USA Patent No. 787,412. Application
May 16, 1900, patented April 18, 1905.) “The most essential
requirement is, however, that irrespective of frequency the
wave or wave-train should continue for a certain interval of
time, which I have estimated to be not less than one-twelfth
or probably 0.08484 of a second and which is taken in
passing to and returning from the region diametrically
opposite the pole over the earth’s surface with a mean
velocity of about four hundred and seventy-one thousand two
hundred and forty kilometers per second.”
1932, World famous scientist Nikola Tesla, the
father of the rotary magnetic field, alternating current,
tele-automation and wireless energy transfer stated on
October 16th, 1927.; in "WORLD SYSTEM OF WIRELESS
TRANSMISSION OF ENERGY"
1934, a settlement was reached with the
Westinghouse Corporation that provided Tesla with a
consulting rate of $125.00 per month, along with the
agreement to pay his monthly rent and expenses. Upon signing
the agreement, Tesla promptly moved to the New Yorker Hotel
room number 3327, on January 2, 1934, where he lived rent
free for the rest of his life. Also, the debt owed to Hotel
Governor Clinton was never paid.
1934, March, Tesla writes an article called
“Possibilities of Electro-Static Generators” is published in
“Scientific American” which features “Colossus”, a
two-million volt Van de Graff generator which is now on
display at the Boston Museum of Science.
1934, June, The City of Philadelphia awards Tesla
with the John Scott Medal for the invention of the rotating
magnetic field and induction motor.
1934, November 29, Tesla develops a working charged
particle beam weapon intended for use in national defense.
The term teleforce refers
to Tesla’s macroscopic charged particle beam projector.
The device was based upon a large Van de Graff generator of
unique design and a special type of open-ended vacuum tube.
It comprised a system for the acceleration of
minute tungsten or mercury particles to a velocity of about
48 times the speed of sound. The projectiles were propelled
out of the tube by electrostatic repulsion.
1934, November 29, Tesla writes to J.P. Morgan;
“I have made recent discoveries of inestimable value... The
flying machine has completely demoralized the world so much
that in some cities, as London and Paris, people are in
mortal fear from aerial bombing. The new means I have
perfected afford absolute protection against this and other
forms of attack. ... These new discoveries, which I have
carried out experimentally on a limited scale, have created
a profound impression. One of the most pressing problems
seems to be the protection of London and I am writing to
some influential friends in England hoping that my plan will
be adopted without delay. The Russians are very anxious to
render their borders safe against Japanese invasion and I
have made them a proposal which is being seriously
considered. Sincerely, Nikola Tesla”.
1935, July 11, the day after Tesla’s 79th birthday,
Tesla promises to transmit force. He had discovered the
so-called cosmic ray in 1896, at least five years before any
other scientist took it up and twenty years before it became
popular among scientists, and he is now convinced that many
of the cosmic particles travel fifty times faster than
light, some of them 500 times faster. 15 out of 16 of
Marconi's Patent claims on the radio are invalidated by the
Court of Claims and Tesla is acknowledged to have been prior
inventor on these portions of Marconi's patent. But legal
red tape drags on and is eventually reviewed by the US
Supreme Court.
1936, July 10, on Tesla’s 80th birthday, he issued
a 10-page statement that debated current theories on cosmic
rays.
1937, July 10, exactly one year later, on his
birthday, the ambassador from Yugoslavia awarded him the
Grand Cordon of the White Eagle, that country’s highest
honor.
1937, Mid While sitting on his bench, Tesla is
approached by two men dressed in dark business suits asking
him about a “Death Ray” device he may building. They ask him
if he has a black box in his room and request to see it.
Tesla, having an attitude refuses saying he has not invented
such a device and unless they have papers from the U.S.
Government they are not welcomed.
1937, Late Tesla is now eighty-four years old; In
his diminishing years, Tesla became increasingly confused.
As he leaves to go home that day, he is struck by a taxi,
and his health never improved. He suffered heart and lung
problems but generally refused medical attention. Tesla’s
phobia of germs grew, and he did not want anyone to get
within a few feet of him.
1938, very frail, weighing less than one-hundred
pounds. He is joined by Robert Johnson, who is also in his
early eighties sitting on his bench across from the library
feeding the pigeons. Tesla is no longer recognized by
anyone; this being one of his few last trips outside. Due to
his failing health, he stays in bed for days. Tesla asks
Robert to take care of his pigeons, should something happen
to him. While feeding his pigeons with Robert Johnson.
1943, January 6, Tesla summons a messenger boy to
deliver an envelope containing $100 for Mark Twain, his old
friend. Twain, of course, had been dead for some time, but
Tesla arguably insists that Twain had visited his room the
night before.
1943, January 7, Exact stroke of midnight the New
Yorker hotel is lit with soft falling snow as three pigeons
fly away from the third floor window outside room 3327. The
room lit flickers and then the light goes out
1943, On Jan. 7, Tesla died virtually destitute and
alone at age 86. His estate amounted to little more than
$2,000.
Next morning, the hotel maid Alice Monaghan, ignored a “Do
not disturb” sign that had been in place for two days and
opened Tesla’s door to find him dead. The maid runs out of
room 3327 screaming. Within fifteen minutes the FBI arrives,
taped off the two room occupied by Tesla and his body has
been removed. Several agents are going through his
belongings and have called on a lock smith to open his safe.
Tesla’s nephew, Sova Kosanovic’ has arrived with his
assistant, shocked to find the FBI and his uncle’s body has
been removed. He sees the lock smith leaving and is very
suspicious and angry that his uncle’s things are being
tampered with, not to mention his body is gone. He is
allowed to walk through noticing the safe opened and his
papers tampered with.
Within a day, the Immigration Department takes over on the
FBI. The two entities are fighting over rights, but
Immigration has the paperwork to take over. All of the
papers, and there are hundreds of thousands are all being
logged, put in barrels and loaded on trucks.
1943, January 10, Mayor LaGuardia
gives a speech over the radio heard all over the city. The
funeral will take place at the “Cathedral of St. John the
Devine” He requests that there will be no political agenda
and the Serbs are to sit on one side and the Croats on the
other side.
1943, January 12, more than 2,000 people poured in
to the “Cathedral of St. John the Devine”. Oscar
Gavrilovitch of the Yugoslav Consul of New York served as
head usher. At the altar, King Peter II of Yugoslavia sent a
huge floral offering, which the funeral directors placed
near the head of the casket. The casket was draped with the
American flag, as Tesla was an American citizen; the
Yugoslavian government honored him by making his funeral a
state function. Constantine Fotitich, Yugoslavian ambassador
to the United States represented Yugoslavia. Three pigeons
fly by the window and circle around the casket. United
States President and Mrs. Roosevelt send a message with
their condolences, Mayor La Giardia. Attending were Heads of
states from Yugoslavia, Croatia, Russia British Columbia and
France, Kings and Queens. Tesla’s journalist friend, Kenneth
Swezey, settled in the front row with Tesla’s nephew.
1943, April the Lawsuit against wireless
communication patents given to Marconi were over-turned and
restored back to Tesla; all seventeen patents including
radio, sadly three months after Tesla passed.